This is the basic setup to produce CO2 by fermentation. What is most important is to keep the airspace above the mix sealed. The yeast will start fermenting the sugar into alcohol and CO2 after the oxygen in the headspace used up. I have a single hole #7 stopper in the container connected to a plastic tube that runs into a container of RD-20 or Physan. I've been using fishtank air stones to create fine CO2 bubbles that rise through the disinfectant. This will produce about 350 to 500 ml of CO2 per hour. Put a small filled glass upside down and trap bubbles for several minutes to estimate production rate of CO2
The mixture in the container is:
Warm Water 800 - 900 farenheight...
1# of granulated sugar- that's about 500ml
1 teaspoon of regular bread yeast- Fleishman's or Red Star